A price ceiling is defined as a maximum price that can be charged for a good or service, typically set by the government to protect consumers from excessively high prices during situations where demand exceeds supply. For instance, in the housing market, a price ceiling might be implemented to ensure that rental prices remain affordable for low-income tenants.
When a price ceiling is enforced, sellers are legally prohibited from charging a price above this set limit, which often leads to increased demand for the good as it becomes relatively cheaper. However, it can also result in a shortage, as suppliers may not find it profitable to produce or sell the item at the lower price, leading to a mismatch between supply and demand in the market.
Understanding the implications of a price ceiling is crucial in analyzing microeconomic principles, particularly in discussions about market efficiency, consumer welfare, and supplier incentives.